Stakeholders of Lloyds TSB Bank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stakeholders of Lloyds TSB Bank - Research Paper Example This paper tells that in our present business climate, individuals need a bank account to generate MORE sales and net income. Businesses prefer to receive postdated checks and related deposit instruments as the replacement for cash. A 1,500 check is safer and easier to carry around than to bring its bulky and "highly tempting" cash equivalent. The returned checks act as payment and deposit evidence of business transactions.  There are many banking services that make deposits in banks preferable to stuffing cash in a person's safety in the home or offices. People, thru the banking system, can now buy and sell products thru the internet. When they are face to face with each other. The bank's many services do not only include safekeeping of the bank deposits, but the bank also helps the economy by paying interest to the depositors. The bank then lends money to its loan applicants and, in return, receives interest income. The bank borrower can now use the much-needed funds to put up a business and hire employees. This cycle of money deposit, money borrowing, business opening, hiring helps the local economy.  People, around fifty years ago prefer to carry cash around because the banking system had just been established. But because of the advent of internet banking, business transactions are now changing the entire economy of the world. Credit and debit cards as well as Paypal, and Western Union monetary transactions are now the minimum requirements for a buy and sell transaction to be accomplished. Due to financial difficulty, carrying cash is now very dangerous. People, during the past, prefer to receive "cold" cash as compared to checks because of the fear that such checks may actually have no funds deposited in the bank at the time of bank presentation for payment occurs.  But still, most of the ordinary people who do not own business and those with small salaries and wages do not apply for checking accounts. The credit card generates high and compounded i nterests that the credit card holder has to be burdened with.  Inter-branch transactions use the credit giro system where noncash documents pass thru a clearing bank. A piece of bank slip or document allows one branch to transfer funds from one bank to another or to and from a person's personal bank accounts.  In the United States, food stamps are given to the unemployed. In the United Kingdom, the giro helps the unemployed person to pay for his basic needs.  If wages fell, then the people will have lesser money to deposit in Lloyds bank. The after effect is that there be will lesser money to spend on basic necessities like food, clothing, and shelter.  Therefore the bank will have to advertise so that more of the residents near a Lloyds bank branch will love to deposit their hard earned money in a bank. The people will cope with the sudden wage decrease by reducing the amount they will spend on unnecessary items. The people will react with the sudden decrease in salaries by applying for a second job to alleviate the loss in income.  

Teaching Activity & Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teaching Activity & Reflection - Essay Example timulus which is controlled .For knowledge to be acquainted this way, it requires the use of an instructor who must be ready to demonstrate factual knoeledge,measure observe and modify behavior change in a specified direction. Conditioning reinforces behavior through reflex response to stimulus and if antecedents follow a behavior, it leads to consequences including reinforcement, reward and punishment. This is a learning theory that is composed of adoptive learning techniques, structure organization procedures, recognition, creation, reflection and evaluation. It developes conceptual knowledge procedures and techniques and solve problems using mathematical intelligence. This theory is based on generation of knowledge and expertise through interpersonal relations. It is a self directed learning and therefore it calls for motivation, decision making, personal integration and self evaluation. The chief goal of this theory is becoming self motivated with intrinsic motivation which comes from within a person and acts as driving force to accomplish acquisition of skills (Overbaugh and Lin). This is an important introductory step that involves capturing the attention of the student by a way of giving important information on what is required during the activity. It also includes provision of useful steps to be followed. So as a Trainer I will make sure that I have made my learner to understand the guidelines To conclude the challenges faced would include lack of suitable tennis balls, poor mastery of skill taught, poor concentration by students and lack of interest to play. Finally there would be lack of motivation if the learners are not

Human Factors in Aviation for Pilots

Human Factors in Aviation for Pilots Human Factors in Aviation for Pilots Introduction The term â€Å"human factor† belongs to the wide range of matters affecting how people achieve tasks in their non-work and work environments. The commercial aviation industry has recognized that human error causes most aviation incidents and accidents rather than mechanical failure. If interpreted intently, human factors are often deemed synonymous with maintenance resource management (MRM) or crew resource management (CRM). Human factors involve collecting information about human limitations, ability and other qualities and applying it to machines, tools, tasks, systems, environments and jobs to produce comfortable, safe and effective human use. Human factors are devoted to better perception of how humans can most efficiently and safely be combined with technology. That perception is then translated into training, design, procedures, or policies to help humans work better. (GRAEBER, 2014) In spite of rapid gains in technology, humans are ultimately accountable for guaranteeing the safety and success of the aviation industry. They must continue to be flexible, knowledgeable, efficient, and dedicated while exercising good judgment. In the meantime, the industry continues to make main investments in equipment, training, and systems that have a long-standing implication. Human factors cover the knowledge of comprehending the human capabilities, the application of this knowledge to the development, design and exploitation of systems and services, and the art of guaranteeing successful application of human factor values into the maintenance working environment. Furthermore, human factors experts participate in examining operational safety and developing tools and methods to help operator better handle human error. These duties require the experts to work closely with safety experts, engineers, training and test pilots, mechanics and cabin crews to efficiently integrate huma n factors in the designing of airplanes. Human Factors in the Ground Environment Before understanding the importance of human factors we must know the term â€Å"PEAR†. It reminds the four important facts for human factor programs: People, Environment, Actions and Resources. The Aircraft Electronics Association accepts PEAR as an outstanding way to recall key concerns for a human factors program. There are as a minimum of two environments in aviation maintenance; physical work place and organizational environment. There is the physical work place in the hanger, on the ramp or in the shop while organizational environment exist within the company. A human factor should pay attention to both environments. The physical environment includes ranges of humidity, temperature, lightening, cleanliness, noise control, and workplace design. Companies must accept these conditions and collaborate with the workforce to either change or accommodate the physical environment. It takes a cooperate assurance to address the physical environment. This physical workplace covers the topic â€Å"Resources† of PEAR when it comes to providing coolers, portable heaters, clothing, lightening and task design and workplace. The second environment is organizational one. The significant factors in an organizational environment are usually related to communication, cooperation, mutual respect, shared values of the company, and their culture. An excellent organizational environment is progressed with communication, leadership and shared goals associated with profitability, safety and other key factors. The best companies support and guide their people and promote a culture of safety. We consider environmental matters as critical as other features in PEAR. . (Johnson, 2007) Aviation safety relies deeply on maintenance. When it is not done properly, it contributes to a major proportion of aviation incidents and accidents. Some examples poor maintenance are missing parts, parts installed incorrectly, and required checks not being performed. The errors of an aviation maintenance technician (AMT) can be more challenging to detect as compared with other threats to aviation safety. A lot of times, these errors are present but not visible and have possibility to remain hidden, affecting the harmless operation of aircraft for larger period of time. AMT’s tackled with many human factors unique within aviation. Most of the time, they are working in the early morning or in evening hours, in restrained spaces, and in mixture of unfavorable humidity/temperature conditions. The work can be physically tiring; it also needs attention to detail. AMTs usually spend more time on preparing for a job than actually practicing it out. Key element of all maintenance wor k is a proper documentation, and AMTs usually spend more time revising maintenance logs than they do presenting the work. Mechanical components in aircraft maintenance engineering have boundaries; technicians also have some limitations and limited capabilities when we look at the maintenance engineering system. For example, rivets used to fasten aluminum skin to fuselage that can bear forces acting to pull them apart. These rivets will ultimately fail if sufficient force is applied to them. The exact range of human limitations and capabilities are not clear as the performance range of electrical or mechanical components but the same rules apply in that human functions which is likely to damage and ultimately fail under certain conditions like stress, tensions etc. Human factors understanding can lead to enhanced quality, an environment that guarantees continuing aircraft and worker safety and a more responsible and involved work force. More precisely, the reduction of minor mistakes can provide appreciable benefits including fewer missed deadlines, cost reductions, reduction in injuries, reduction in maintenance errors and also reduction in warranty claims. Human factors in the Airborne Environment (flight desk, cockpit, formation) Men already learn how to construct wings or airplanes, which when propelled through the air at maximum speed, will not only withstand the weight of the engine, but also of the wings themselves, and of the engineer as well. Men also learn how to build screws of adequate power and lightness to drive these airplanes at sustaining speed. Inability to steer and balance still become challenging for students and have flying problems. When this feature has been controlled, the era of flying machines will have reached, for other problems are of lesser importance. (Kantowitz, 2011) Working with an aircraft in the Performance Based Airspace (PBA) will be extra challenging for the flight crews who have only worked in controlled airspace. But in real, only somewhat more challenging rules like Visual Flight Rule (VFR) are applied. The flight crew will have to handle more tasks, an arrival of basic separation responsibilities, have complete responsibility for all forms of situational awareness like mode awareness and traffic, possible greater workload under several conditions like severe weathers. To evaluate the necessary information needs of the flight crew to achieve the airborne self-separation task and to regulate the level of automation, it will be essential to study the following sub tasks; Conflict detection; Conflict privations; Traffic monitoring; Re-planning; Conflict resolution; Inter-traffic/traffic-FOC communication. It becomes clear that today’s conventional airline operations possible do not offer the information to examine the above tasks. It is, though, assumed that the flight crew will demand the high quality ergonomically planned navigation and traffic information and in various circumstances may require to be aided by some level of automation and maybe through some decision support tools. Presently flight crews use the TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System) instead of ATC (Air Traffic Control) and to help them attain a minimum level of traffic situational awareness. But in today’s operational environment, TCAS information will not be enough. A CDTI (Cockpit Display of Traffic Information) system will possibly be a better system to help the aircrew to maintain and develop a high level of traffic situational awareness by offering basic data about speed, position and provide information of future state of aircraft in the neighborhood. The important requirement will possibly b e to aid the crew in the detection, prevention and resolution of an important conflict. In this area, it is assumed that the aircrew will be in a controlling position. The revealing of imminent collisions will be automated and will be implemented in the background. The crew will be warned in situation of imminent conflicts along with numerous solution strategies, which are supposed to be filtered and sorted for the crew by using various criteria (e.g., time/fuel optimization, wind and weather criteria, passenger comfort, etc.) to elect for the best solution in the given situation. The aircrew will have the probability to modify different factors of the maneuver (e.g. waypoints, aircraft speed, altitude) according to their requirements and own judgment of the situation. (International, 2007) Improvements One of the major risks a pilot faced is the unawareness of existing problem. This situation indicated as a loss of situational awareness. Loss of situation awareness is like danger is everywhere and you are pleasingly unaware of it. Loss of situational awareness can be initiated by somewhat as simple as inattention. A pilot is unaware of the mid-air collision curse because he or she hasn’t been concentrating in maintaining a traffic watch. A pilot is not aware of refueling of the piston engine aircraft that either jet fuel has been loaded into fuel tanks or not. A pilot is careless during the pre-flight examination that a poor gas seal and heavy rains put hazardous quantity of water in the fuel tanks. A pilot must have situational awareness to tackle any of the above dangerous situations effectively and efficiently. A pilot initially creates situational awareness through applied crew management skills and through trainings. Situational awareness also includes establishing targ ets and goals for a particular flight. Once established, it can be maintained by examining of clues to its possible loss. False assumptions are also cause of flight crews’ problems. It can include great expectations, problematic fixations, ignoring bad news, and intense situation of pilots in case of stress. These problems must be reducing to improve environments of aircraft organization. Cockpit stress management plays an important role in airborne environment. In case of any emergency, pilot must be clam, think for alternatives, choose one and then act on it. A pilot must avoid fear and panicking as they are our greatest enemies during emergencies. Don’t wait to announce any emergency until it’s too late for you to handle the situation. A pilot must immediately ask ATC for help. Lots of ground resources can be available for help. If any error occurs because of a pilot, he must forget about that and concentrate on the job at hands. A focus is must, think of an alternative plan and work on it immediately. Use of checklists can prevent as much as 70% of all the accidents which occur because of pilot primary errors. Cockpit stress management procedure can also be accomplished by using checklists instead of relying on memory of pilots only. Hypoxia is a deceptive problem in aviation. It occurs when body cell receives very less oxygen because of altitudes. Its consequences creep up on pilots without their realizing it. A pilot must be aware of how to handle this situation. The way of pilot to perform their job, the manner they cooperate with other crew members, the manner in which they use all available resources and many other details related to human presentation, will have deep effect on the manner in which they fly the airplane. A pilot must undergo a proper professional training in the area of human factors to improve their performance in all the aspects. Crew co-ordinations must be efficient and the monitoring and assignments of duties of all assigned crewmember must perform their jobs effectively. Communications occur between crewmembers related to flying tasks must not be vague, indefinite or unclear. Summary Human factors and its engineering feature involve the usage of knowledge about human limitations and capabilities to design a technological system. Human factor engineering also relates to personnel selection, training, procedures and many others. Humans can also fail to function appropriately in various conditions. Human can face physical fatigue, affected by the cold, can break bones in accidents in workshops etc. Mentally humans can make mistakes, have restrained powers, and can make poor judgments due to lack of knowledge and skills. Furthermore, human performance is also influenced by emotional and social factors. Therefore proper training of aircraft maintenance technicians is required to full all the features of human factors. The aircraft maintenance technicians are the main part of the maintenance system. It is thus very necessary to have knowledge of mental processes function and different parts of body and also the understanding of performance limitations that can affect the work. An essential part of the operational efficiency is continues improvement in flight crew training and in designs and procedures. Study of commercial airplane and human performance interfaces leads to reduce accidents and at the end increases flight safety. The flight deck human factors are researched which include measurement of flight performance and risk, impact of advance technologies, assessing controller pilot information transfer, determining the consciences of stressors on human performance, recognizing human factors included in incidents and accidents, analyzing the effects of tasks design on pilot performance. Human resources perform aerospace research on organizational and individual issues related to human factors. Research areas included designing of cockpit management programs, effective use of trainings related to human factors, recognition of human factors linked with maintenance- related aviation incidents and accidents and with aircrew Bibliography GRAEBER, C. (2014). AERO 8. Retrieved from Boeing: http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/aero_08/human_story.html International, H. (2007, september). Human Factors in Autonomous Aircraft Operations. Retrieved from http://ifly.nlr.nl/documents/P2.1 iFly_EAAP08_nf.pdf Johnson, D. W. (2007, april). A Model to Explain Human Factors. Retrieved from Industry: http://www.skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/1482.pdf Kantowitz, B. H. (2011). Hand Book Aviation Human Factors. Retrieved from http://theblackswaninvestmentclub.com/flight_manuals/human factors.pdf Parry, D. L. (2014). HUMAN FACTORS AND PILOT DECISION-MAKING. Retrieved from http://www.langleyflyingschool.com/Pages/CPGS Pilot Decision Making.html#Human Factors and Pilot Error

Dominican Republic Essays -- essays research papers

The Dominican Republic is the country to be explored. It is located in the Caribbean Sea and occupies sixty-six percent of the island of Hispaniola. The nickname of the Dominican Republic is the â€Å"Danang Dirty Bird.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dominican Republic is located near the United States in the Caribbean Sea and mountains separate the Dominican Republic into northern, central, and southwest regions. The mountain with the lowest point is the Logo Enriquillo which is 46 meters, and the highest mountain is the Pico Duarte which is 3175 meters. Its capitol is Santo Domingo. Some major cities are San Juan, San Cristobal, Santiago de los Calleros, and La Romana. However in all, there are 31 provinces (states) in the Dominican Republic. Some major rivers are the Yaque del Darte and Yaque del Sur. There is 18,712 square miles of land, and the Dominican Republic is surrounded by the Northern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, Haiti, and Puerto Rico. The Dominican Republic is basically a small island. Now let’s look at what the people of the Dominican Republic are like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currently, the population of the Dominican Republic is 8,833,634. The major ethnic groups that make up the Dominican Republic are white or European (16%), black (11%), and mixed, meaning mulatto (73%). The number one religion in the Dominican Republic is Roman Catholic. Roman Catholics make up 95% of the religious groups. The other 5% is made up of Protestant and other. The...

School wide positive behavior support

For the past 28 old ages, LAKE Academy ( once known as LifeStream Academy ) has served kids and striplings with emotional upsets and behavioural challenges as referred by the School Board of Lake County ( LCSB ) . LAKE Academy is housed at two sites within Lake County and serves a sum of 110 Emotional/Behavioral Disabled and Emotionally Handicapped ( EBD/EH ) pupils, 45 Alternate Education ( AE ) pupils, and 80 Alternate Disciplinary Program ( ADP ) pupils. LAKE Academy was formed as a charter between LifeStream Behavioral Center, a Mental Health Hospital and Lake County School Board. LAKE Academy is under contract to keep a teacher/student ratio of 1:11 in the Emotional/Behavioral Disabled and Emotionally Handicapped ( EBD/EH ) plan ; a teacher/student ratio of 1:15 will be maintained in the Alternate Education plan. The instructor to student ratio in the Alternative Disciplinary Program schoolroom will average one instructor to twenty pupils. Recently, the Lake County School Board charter contract with Lake Academy added the No Child Left Behind Act enfranchisement demand. All instructors are required to demo annually advancement towards capable country and/or Exceptional Education Certification. However, LifeStream Behavioral Center, the employer, pays on the norm of 10 dollars less per hr with no planning period or responsibility free tiffin. In add-on, this school requires frequent and sometimes drawn-out restraint of pupils which frequently risks hurt to staff.Purpose of StudyTraditionally, schools have used reactive, punitory schemes in an effort to discour age pupils from unwanted behaviours. These effect based behavior systems have been proven uneffective. The Families and Advocates Partnership for Education provinces that â€Å" harmonizing to over 500 research surveies, penalty is one of the least effectual responses to job behaviours. School-wide policies that punish pupils for negative behaviours but that do n't honor positive behaviours really increased aggression, hooliganism, hooky, tardiness, and dropping out of school † ( FAPE Research Brief, p. 1 ) . We need to believe more about our pupils and learn them how to act and larn, within a system that is positive and collaborative. â€Å" What is needed is a systemic, proactive attack that seeks to forestall disputing behaviours from developing while comprehensively turn toing the demands of all kids on the continuum of hazard for disputing behaviours † ( Dunlap, Lewis, & A ; McCart, p. 1 ) . Over the last 10 old ages, research workers have been looking at the effects of positive behaviour intercessions. These constructs were foremost used in particular instruction scenes. â€Å" PBS was developed ab initio as an option to aversive intercessions that were used with pupils with terrible disablements who engaged in utmost signifiers of self-injury and aggression † ( OSEP, ND, p. 1 ) . More late, this attack has been successful in regular instruction scenes every bit good. Researchers George Sugai and Rob Horner from Oregon, funded by the U. S. Office of Special Education Programs ( OSEP ) have formed a collaborative including universities and educational bureaus with the end to â€Å" help provinces in large-scale execution of School-wide Positive Behavior Support to accomplish both decrease in job behaviour and enhanced larning environment † ( OSEP Brochure, p. 1 ) . One survey, by Bradshaw, Leaf and Debnam ( 2007 ) paperss a randomised control test conducted in Maryland in which execution of school-wide positive behaviour support ( SWPBS ) was demonstrated to happen with fidelity, and to be linked to improved organisational wellness, improved academic results, and decreases in office subject referrals. ( Horner & A ; Sugai, 2007, p. 8 ) A reappraisal of the incident information for both campuses last twelvemonth showed that the Leesburg campus had 299 incidents that were caused by 70 pupils. Sixteen pupils had 5 or more incidents for a sum of 203 or 68 % . 55 % of all incidents were Acting Out ( 51 % AO & A ; 4 % AO, with hurt ) 31 % of all incidents were assaults. The Eustis campus saw 120 incidents that were caused by 47 pupils. 9 pupils had 5 or more incidents for a sum of 64 or 53 % 56 % of all incidents were Acting Out ( 44 % AO & A ; 12 % AO, with hurt ) 21 % of all incidents were assaults. Lake Academy keeps making the same thing and expects different consequences. The school must switch from a reactive and aversive attack to pull offing job behaviours to one that is preventative and positive. Lake County Schools introduced Positive Behavior Support in several schools last twelvemonth. One school saw a about 50 % decrease in subject referrals. The Academy already has A? of the PBS work done with the Leveled Behavior Modification Program.Literature ReviewDefinitions/ Background of PBSSchool-wide positive behaviour support ( SWPBS ) can be defined as â€Å" a systems attack for set uping the societal civilization and behavioural supports needed for a school to be an effectual acquisition environment for all pupils † ( Sugai, 2008, presentation slide 9 ) . SWPBS is a more proactive option to reactive, punitory behaviour direction processs. Administrators, instructors, and staff work collaboratively to better the school clime by learning behavioural outlooks and societal accomplishments for all scenes within the larning community. Positive support is used to admit pupils who are exhibiting the expected behaviours. For pupils who are non reacting to the given outlooks, t here is a continuum of intercessions designed to suit the demands of the person.Cardinal Elementss of PBSThe chief elements of the PBS theoretical account include â€Å" a prevention-focused continuum of support, proactive instructional attacks to learning and bettering societal behaviours, conceptually sound and through empirical observation validated patterns, systems change to back up effectual patterns, and experimental determination devising † ( Sugai & A ; Horner, 2002, p. 2 ) .Prevention.There are three degrees of bar used in SWPBS. â€Å" Primary bar focal points on diminishing the figure of new instances of a job behaviour or state of affairss by guaranting and keeping the usage of the most effectual patterns for all pupils † ( p. 2 ) . This degree of bar is used with all pupils, school-wide in all scenes. Students are taught the behavioural outlooks and societal accomplishments for usage in all countries of the school. Positive support is used by instructors and staff to admit those pupils who are acting harmonizing to these outlooks. The end of secondary bar is to cut down the figure of bing job behaviour instances or state of affairss by supplying extra instructional and behavioural supports for the comparatively smaller figure of pupils who are at hazard of important school failure and who need more specialised supports than those provided by primary bar attempts. ( Sugai & A ; Horner, 2002, p. 2 ) In these instances, intercessions are used to back up these persons in following the behavioural outlooks established in the school. The concluding type of bar, â€Å" third bar focal points on cut downing the figure of bing instances of complex, intractable, and long-standing job behaviours displayed by pupils who are at high hazard for important emotional, behavioural and societal failure † ( Sugai & A ; Horner, 2002, p. 2 ) These pupils require more individualised and intensive intercessions, including the usage of functional behavioural analysis and other informations aggregation to find the best manner to back up them.Proactive Approach.The 2nd cardinal component of PBS is that the attack taken by the instructors and staff is proactive instead than reactive. At the beginning of the twelvemonth or at the start of a new activity, behaviour guidelines are taught explicitly and reinforced so that all pupils know what is expected of them. This attack is characterized by a careful consideration of instructional patterns, constructions and procedures for ( a ) maximising academic results ; ( B ) selecting and learning school-wide and classroom-wide outlooks, regulations and modus operandis ; and ( degree Celsius ) practicing and promoting the usage of academic accomplishments and behavioural outlooks across multiple relevant scenes and contexts ( Sugai & A ; Horner, 2002, pp. 2-3 ) . Students are taught societal accomplishments and given schemes for covering with other pupils, such as struggle declaration and how to react to being harassed or bullied. It is besides made clear to pupils when they should seek aid from an grownup in a given state of affairs.Sound Practices.Many of the constituents of PBS come from the pattern of Applied Behavior Analysis ( ABA ) , which has been â€Å" refined, tested, and replicated to organize an of import disciplinary attack for turn toing socially of import concerns in instruction, particularly bettering behavioural results for single pupils † ( Sugai & A ; Horner, 2002, p. 3 ) . PBS focuses on two specific methods used in ABA: functional behavioural appraisal and behaviour intercession programs. Functional behavioural appraisals are used to roll up informations about the variables associated with job behaviours, such as â€Å" scene, ancestor, and effects. † This information is used to make behavior intercession programs, which â€Å" focal point on the strengths and of import societal contexts of the pupil and household and do job behaviour ineffective, inefficient, and irrelevant so that more desirable or adaptable behaviours can be encouraged † ( Sugai & A ; Horner, 2002, p. 3 ) .Systems Perspective.A big portion of the PBS attack is the fact that it is used school-wide. Having the systems set up throughout the school scenes is important to the successful execution of these patterns. This involves ongoing preparation and coaching of instructors and staff to guarantee that there is consistence throughout the school. â€Å" Systems supports m ust be in topographic point to back up the accurate, efficient, and sustained usage of evidence-based patterns and informations direction systems † ( Sugai & A ; Horner, 2002, p. 4 ) .Stairss for Implementation.The execution of PBS in a school involves several stairss. First, the leading squad is established. â€Å" With input from all staff, squads determine which features they will aim foremost, how advancement will be monitored, and what the behavioural outlooks will be, when and how to learn the behavior outlooks, and the type of informations that will be used to inform determinations † ( Dunlap, Lewis, & A ; McCart, p. 2 ) . Next, the squad defines the behavioural outlooks for the pupils. For school-aged kids, there are normally about five guidelines used throughout the school. These are posted throughout the assorted educational scenes, utilizing linguistic communication pupils can easy understand and associate to or utilizing images or icons. ( Dunlap, Lewis, & A ; McCart, p. 2 ) Once the school-wide behaviour outlooks have been determined, they must be taught to the pupils. â€Å" Expectations can be taught with a scope of schemes that include mold, pattern, function playing, and feedback in context, and a assortment of stuffs can be used to assist the instruction procedure ( e.g. books, games, marionettes, societal narratives ) † ( Dunlap, Lewis, & A ; McCart, p. 2 ) . Children are taught societal accomplishments every bit good as schemes for struggle declaration. There is besides treatment about appropriate behaviours for different scenes within the acquisition community, such as the schoolroom, the hallways, the tiffin room, and the resort area. It is of import that the instruction of these outlooks is clear and consistent and that the pupils are cognizant of the effects for non following with the guidelines. After pupils have been taught the behavior outlooks, the following measure is to utilize changeless positive support to admit those pupils who exhibit the coveted behaviours. Giving the kids this feedback lets them cognize when they are on the right path and besides shows other pupils that they will be noticed if they make the right picks. â€Å" Acknowledgement of coveted behaviours is such a critical characteristic of PBS that frequently the leading squad needs to set up particular monitoring schemes to assist motivate staff to ‘catch the kids being good ‘ with a high adequate frequence † ( Dunlap, Lewis, & A ; McCart, p. 3 ) . Data is used to assist the PBS squad to work out jobs and do determinations sing the actions taken to implement the plan successfully throughout the school. The squad meets to make up one's mind what types of information they will roll up to supervise the effectivity of the systems at different degrees: school-wide, within each schoolroom, and with single pupils. One normally used step to measure the school-wide plan is to look at the figure of office subject referrals ( ODRs ) . Many schools besides use behavior incident signifiers which â€Å" papers happenings of targeted disputing behaviours, and note the type of job behaviour, the scene in which it occurred, the type of activity and any other possible triggers to the behaviour, the people involved in the activity and the effects ( if any ) that were provided following the behavioural incident † ( Dunlap, Lewis, & A ; McCart, p. 3 ) . This information is collected and analyzed on a regular basis by members of the squad in their determination devising. Students who do non react to the behavioural outlooks set Forth are provided with extra intercessions, as decided by the PBS squad. â€Å" Data from behavior incident signifiers can assist squads find which kids and schoolrooms need support and what supports are appropriate † ( Dunlap, Lewis & A ; McCart, p. 3 ) .Effectiveness of PBS.A survey of PBS in urban high schools analyzing PBS and its effectivity at the secondary degree was conducted over the class of 4 old ages. Overall, school-wide PBS has been associated with decreases in ODRs at this school. Although the deficiency of experimental control in the survey prohibits the ability to presume causality, during the months and old ages where school-wide PBS intercessions were implemented, ODRs declinedaˆÂ ¦ Besides, comparing baseline informations to the first twelvemonth of execution revealed that a significantly smaller figure of pupils received multiple ODRs during the execution twelvemonth in comparing with the baseline twelvemonth. ( Morrissay, 2010, pp. 30-31 ) Many other surveies have shown similar consequences, including decreases in behavior incidents, office subject referrals ( ODRs ) and suspension rates. â€Å" Recent research indicates that school-wide positive behaviour is associated with reduced exclusionary, reactive and punitory subject patterns, increased pupil satisfaction, and improved perceptual experiences of school safety † ( Putnam, Horner, & A ; Algazzine, 2006, p. 1 ) . Teachers report holding more clip for direction in the schoolroom because there are less behavioural distractions. There are more positive interactions between pupils and staff, which create a better environment for everyone.Legislation.The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( IDEA ) was originally passed as our state ‘s particular instruction jurisprudence in 1975. Its intent is to guarantee that pupils with disablements have an equal opportunity to hold â€Å" a free appropriate public instruction, merely like other kids † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nichcy.org/idea.htm para 2 ) . The act has been revised and amended many times, and was most late reauthorized by Congress in 2004, with consequences published in 2006. The new act, IDEIA ( Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act ) , states that â€Å" school decision makers continue to hold legislative support for their usage of functional behavioural appraisal and positive behavioural intercessions and schemes for back uping kids with disablements who exhibit job behaviours † ( IDEIA, 2004, p. 2 ) . The IDEIA provides more flexibleness in support, leting schools to utilize a per centum of their financess toward implementing PBS. It is besides proposed that these intercessions be used school-wide, to make an inclusive acquisition community for all pupils. Congress is presently fixing to reauthorize the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, known as â€Å" No Child Left Behind. † It appears that â€Å" policymakers have begun to admit that there are many non-academic factors that affect pupils ‘ school success † ( Mandlawitz, 2007, p. 1 ) . In her recent publication, Myrna Mandlawitz describes two measures that have been introduced, the Reducing Barriers to Learning Act of 2007 and the Positive Behavior for Effective Schools Act. Both of these involve the usage of school-wide positive behaviour support. On May 21, 2009, theA Positive Behavior for Safe and Effective Schools ActA ( HR 2597 ) was introduced by Representative Phil Hare ( D-IL ) .A If signed into jurisprudence, HR 2597 will better school clime and promote pupils ‘ academic success by promoting the usage of schoolwide positive behavioural supports ( PBIS ) . Research has documented that PBIS leads to better instructional clip, reduced disciplinary jobs and increased trial tonss. Harmonizing toA Rep. Hare, HR 2597 â€Å" provides schools with the flexibleness and proficient aid needed to implement, spread out, and prolong the usage of the Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports system. † The end of this measure is to see more execution of positive behaviour supports â€Å" in order to consistently make a school clime that is extremely contributing to larning, cut down subject referrals, and better academic result. They besides propose more flexibleness in the usage of Title I financess for School-wide Po sitive Behavior Supports to do it more accessible to all schools.SWPBS and Academics.â€Å" Several surveies have found relationships between academic public presentation and job behaviour across class degrees † ( Putnam, Horner & A ; Algazzine, 2006, p. 1 ) . â€Å" Other research has demonstrated that pupils with terrible job behaviour experienced big academic shortages as compared to typical equals. In most countries these shortages remained stable over clip † ( p. 2 ) . In many instances, behavior jobs arise because a pupil is seeking to avoid an academic undertaking. If a kid is weak in a certain country or is fighting with a undertaking, he or she may move out as an flight. For illustration, if a â€Å" pupil ‘s literacy accomplishments do non maintain gait with those of equals, academic undertakings become more aversive, and job behaviours that lead to get away from these undertakings become more likely † ( Putnam, Horner & A ; Algazzine, 2006, p. 1 ) . It is of import as instructors that we learn what is reenforcing our pupils for their behaviours and expression at what the map of the behaviour is. Research workers have late begun to analyze the relationship between SWPBS and academic accomplishment. With less clip and energy traveling to pull offing job behaviours, instructors have more clip available for direction in the schoolroom. â€Å" Research has systematically shown that the sum of clip that direction is provided is extremely correlated with pupil accomplishment † ( Putnam, Horner, & A ; Algazzine, 2006, p. 2 ) . Some surveies have besides shown increased clip on undertaking and academic battle in schools and schoolrooms utilizing PBS. â€Å" Student academic battle has been found to be correlated with improved academic achievementaˆÂ ¦In a survey of six schoolrooms that implemented behavior support programs, on-task behaviour increased by 24 % over baseline degrees † ( Putnam, Horner, & A ; Algazzine, 2006, p. 2 ) . Research is besides get downing to demo that execution of SWPBS is associated with improved trial tonss. â€Å" There is increasing grounds that school-wide positive behaviour support intercessions improve standardized trial consequences † ( p. 3 ) .MethodologyThe Academy already has a leading squad in topographic point and a Behavior Modification plan. This undertaking will concentrate in the positive facet. The leading squad defined the cosmopolitan behavioural outlooks as Respect, Responsibility, and Safety. The undermentioned chart shows what each of these behaviours ‘ expression like:RespectDutySafetyUse appropriate and positive linguistic communication Follow staff waies Keep custodies, pess, and objects to yourself Listen when others are talking Care for your properties and clean up after yourself Walk at a safe gait Raise your manus and speak when it is your bend Give your best attempt Enter and issue in orderly lines Respect others, staff, and belongings Be prepared The leading squad so developed a usher to how the plan will work. The bell will peal indiscriminately throughout the twenty-four hours. Techs will give PBS points for pupils that are exhibiting the Expected Universal Behaviors when the bell rings ( Respect, Responsibility, and Safety ) . An excess column has been added to Daily Point Log for this trailing. Points can be turned in at the terminal of the hebdomad for school shop points. The minute the bell ringsaˆÂ ¦ the really 2nd the bell ringsaˆÂ ¦ is when the PBS point is earned. It does non count what behavior the pupil displayed two seconds ago, two proceedingss ago, or two hours ago. It does non count if the kid has non â€Å" made his twenty-four hours. † All that affairs is if he was exposing cosmopolitan behavior outlooks at the minute the bell rang. If he was, he earns the PBS point. The squad so established the regulations for the school shop. School shop will be on Friday from 1:30pm-2:30pm. Students must be escorted and supervised by their schoolroom staff. Appropriate behaviour must be demonstrated at the school shop. Students will be asked to go forth if their behaviour is unacceptable. Rules of school shop will be posted at the shop site and a transcript will be given to each schoolroom for staff to reexamine with pupils. Students must be gaining 80 points, must be dress codification compliant, and have no major moving out behaviours to go to shop. School shop will be announced on the talker and a agenda will be implemented of schoolroom times. Merely appointive staff will be allowed to run and hold entree to school shop and shall keep shop stock list. It is the duty of the schoolroom staff to track pupil ‘s points in order for them to purchase points from shop. Any staff/student that is suspected of larceny, pull stringsing points, non tracking pupil ‘s points, non leting pupils to use shop will be reported instantly to an Administrator and have a effect for their actions. There will be a suggestion box for any petitions for stock list, alterations that may be needed, or comments/concerns at the shop that will be reviewed by the PBS squad. PBS squad will supervise point/inventory relation and do necessary accommodations. The incident informations each month will be compared to the information from last twelvemonth and disaggregated by types of incident. This comparing informations will be used to measure the effectivity of the plan and to find the mark country for the 2nd grade. It is projected that the figure of incidents per month will diminish by 50 % like that of other schools in the county.

Influence of Music Essay

Music and radio has roots in American culture and the way society is today. The different types of music genres have shaped American culture and social behavior of Americans. Audio media has had a major affect and influence on the attitudes of Americans and especially today’s youth and young adults. Music and radio has given American culture its values, the way that jazz, blues, and R&B created rock & roll, music created American culture. Music appeals to young adults, and youth as an escape to the hard times of real life. Drawn by the explicit lyrics and beats, the youth always searches out for music to dance to and music to connect with. American culture has been steadily changing due to music and what is known as pop culture. The need to be accepted in a certain social group has a lot to do with music. Music brought a cultural shift in the race segregation, black artists playing music with white artists and for mixed audiences. American culture before the 50’s was a strict segregation culture and music allowed for the barrier to be broken. Artists using sexual innuendoes and other antics changed what was the norm of morals and values and put a more â€Å"lax† outlook on such things. Music has influenced the openness of sexuality and sexual orientation. More and more artists are open about their sexuality, making it more of a normal thing in American Culture. Being gay used to be shunned, and now it is openly celebrated. All of these things are because of music. The radio started playing what was known as â€Å"race† music on white stations and this made it so a lot of different Americans can hear and be exposed to a broad range of music. Becoming more acceptable rock and roll, punk, and hip hop have had an impact on the teens and young adults of American culture. The 80’s brought the rebelliousness out of teens with punk rock music, while the 90’s hip-hop has had a big effect on fashion and attitudes of people. Music has shaped American culture in many ways, a way of expressing one’s opinions and bringing groups of people together with similar ideals and opinions. A way of bringing what was different cultures together and making one culture, The American Culture. Rock and Roll is a genre of music that has forever changed the social behavior of Americans. Rock and roll has influenced American culture in the daily life, fashion and attitudes of most Americans. Rock and Roll broke the race barricade, forming in a time of a civil rights movement. Rock and roll was a new form of music that encouraged desegregation. Evolving black artists and white artists playing black music, rock and roll changed the way American culture accepts what was once taboo. Rock and roll put a perception of sex, drugs, and alcohol to be accepted and what is considered â€Å"cool†. Artists singing about doing drugs, or hooking up with random woman made it something to be idolized. Rock and roll influenced young adults to engage in risky behavior. Now is American culture, these things are almost considered normal. Rock and roll shaped fashion and is continuously changing fashion. Fans copy styles of their favorite artists as a way to express one’s self. From ripped up, tight, or baggy pants, long hair, colored hair, or shaved heads, the fashion is always changing. Some fashions coming back and making another appearance in American culture, a lot of fashion comes from Rock and roll. Piercings and tattoos once forbidden, is becoming more and more acceptable in American culture. It is not strange to see business people and stay at home moms with tattoos. Rock and roll has influenced this change in American culture and tattoos are â€Å"normal†. Rock and roll artists have changed the way sexuality and sexual orientation is looked at. Rock and roll has made it okay to be gay and okay to dress how someone wants. Rock and roll has given the care-free attitude to young adults. American culture has changed into a â€Å"screw society, morals and values† type of attitude, based on what rock and roll has made society. Rock and roll has given a sense of community to certain groups of people who share ideals and values, and brings them together into a certain setting. Rock and roll has had a major effect on social behavior of Americans and American culture. Music does affect social behavior and attitudes of Americans. Music gives people an outlet to express their opinions. Audio media has links to American cultures in every decade, changing and molding American into what it is today. Since the 1700’s even, people have sought out music as a way to connect to others. Audio media is an ever changing thing, which will always reflect on the social behavior and attitudes of Americans.

The Morality of Downloading Music essays

The Morality of Downloading Music essays Ever since Napster first came on the scene in the late 1990s, downloading music and movies over the internet has been an extremely controversial issue. People all over the world delighted in the fact that you could get your favorite songs with the click of a mouse from the comfort of your own home. However, for almost as long as file-sharing programs have been around, there have been those who try to stop them. Record companies, many recording artists, and the movie industry plead with, and try to force the public to stop this piracy. The number of lawsuits has been going up in recent years and the targets have become average people who download a few things here and there. However, the issue is not as black and white as it seems. Many people believe, with good reason, that downloading isnt the horrible criminal offense that the recording and movie industries make it out to be. Sometimes, downloading actually helps music sales by generating an interest in a certain band or st yle of music. The recording industry is filled with artists who have the kind of money most people can only dream about, and yet they ask for more. The most important point is that this is the direction technology has taken us in and now that its here, its not likely to go away. The record companies may say technology or not, stealing is stealing. But in a way, downloading has revitalized the music industry and generated new interest, which the record companies can use to their advantage if they would only adapt to these file-sharing programs rather than try to fight them. To consider whether or not downloading music is stealing, one must first look at the definition of stealing. According to Neil Rollins, downloading music isnt comparable to stealing a CD from a record store. When you take a CD from a store, it is theft because you are taking it away from the shop someone still has to pay for the physical costs...

The business of goodwill - Emphasis

The business of goodwill The business of goodwill It’s that magical time of year again. Chestnuts roasting on an open fire, Jack Frost nipping at your nose and – quite possibly – being thrown together with people you have nothing more in common with than blood. And, as anyone who has grin-and-borne-it through a stressful or tedious family gathering can verify, if Christmas is actually going to be a time of peace on Earth, it wont be without a bit of effort (and a fair bit of eggnog). Which is why we’re about to suggest something a little radical: writer-focused reading. Now, we still stand firmly by the idea of reader-centred writing: by concentrating on the recipient’s needs and situation, you’re guaranteed to produce the best response in them with your document. Yet what about when it’s too late for that? The deed is done, and now you’re the reader stuck with the stressful and tedious task of untangling what the author actually meant to say. Well, before you escalate the situation and potentially sever a business relationship for good, here’s one for the season of goodwill: focus on the writer. Although of course not a business matter, the accidentally offensive letter Gordon Brown sent to the mother of Jamie Janes, the young soldier killed in Afghanistan earlier this year, is one such example. While a tragic and delicate subject like this should naturally be handled with the utmost care, in the reading it might also be considered in context: that the blind in one eye, half-blind in the other leader of the country took the time personally to hand-write a letter of condolence, most likely with the best of intentions. So, if you are the poor reader and you have the seeds of a scornful comeback sprouting in your head – hold on. First, consider your answers to our writer-profile questionnaire: 1. Â   Â   Â  Think about the document you’ve received. What is its subject? 2. Â   Â   Â  Who wrote it? 3. Â   Â   Â  How much did they know about the subject? 4. Â   Â   Â  What was their likely attitude towards it? 5. Â   Â   Â  How involved in the subject are they? 6. Â   Â   Â  How important is the subject to them? 7. Â   Â   Â  How interested in the subject are they? 8. Â   Â   Â  Do you have any other relevant knowledge about their situation (work-related or otherwise)? 9. Â   Â   Â  What is your relationship like with the author? 10. Â   Â   Â  How important is maintaining a good relationship with the writer of the document to you and your company? After you’ve answered these questions, you may have a better understanding of the writer’s position and motivations. You may be feeling calmer and more forgiving (you have, after all, just counted to ten). You may even have just saved an important business connection. So treat yourself to a cup of eggnog. And don’t worry: the season will be over before you know it.

Seagrasses and Seagrass Beds

Seagrasses and Seagrass Beds Seagrass is an angiosperm (flowering plant) that lives in a marine or brackish environment. Seagrasses grow in groups, forming seagrass beds or meadows. These plants provide important habitat for a variety of marine life.   Seagrass Description Seagrasses evolved around 100 million years ago from grass on land, thus they look similar to our terrestrial grasses.  Seagrasses are submerged flowering plants that have leaves, roots, flowers and seeds.   Since they lack a strong stem or trunk, they are supported by the water.   Seagrasses attach to the ocean bottom by thick roots and rhizomes, horizontal stems with shoots pointing upward and roots pointing downward. Their blade-leaves contain chloroplasts, which produce energy for the plant through photosynthesis. Seagrasses Vs. Algae Seagrasses may be confused with seaweeds (marine algae), but they are not. Seagrasses are vascular plants and reproduce by flowering and producing seeds. Marine algae are classified as  protists  (which also includes protozoans, prokaryotes, fungi and  sponges), are relatively simple and reproduce using spores. Seagrass Classification There are about 50 species of true seagrasses worldwide.  They are organized into the plant families Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, and Cymodoceaceae. Where Are Seagrasses Found? Seagrasses are found in protected coastal waters such as bays, lagoons, and estuaries and in both temperate and tropical regions, on every continent except Antarctica.  Seagrasses are sometimes found in patches, and these patches can expand to form huge seagrass beds or meadows. The beds can be made up of one species of seagrass or multiple species. Seagrasses require lots of light, so the depths at which they occur in the ocean are limited by light availability.   Why Are Seagrasses Important? Seagrasses provide food and habitat for a variety of marine life (more on that below!).They can stabilize the ocean bottom with their root systems, which gives greater protection from storms.Seagrasses filter runoff and trap sediments and other small particles. This increases water clarity and the health of the marine environment.  Seagrasses help boost local economies through supporting vibrant recreation opportunities. Marine Life Found in Seagrass Beds Seagrasses provide an important habitat to a number of organisms. Some use seagrass beds as nursery areas, others seek shelter there their whole lives. Larger animals such as manatees and sea turtles feed on animals that live in the seagrass beds. Organisms that make the seagrass community their home include bacteria, fungi, algae; invertebrates such as conch, sea stars, sea cucumbers, corals, shrimp and lobsters; a variety of fish species including snapper, parrotfish, rays, and sharks; seabirds such as pelicans, cormorants and herons; sea turtles; and marine mammals such as manatees, dugongs and bottlenose dolphins. Threats to Seagrass Habitats Natural threats to seagrasses include storms, climate changes such as floods and droughts affecting water salinity, disruption of seagrasses by small predators as they search for food, and grazing by animals such as sea turtles and manatees. Human threats to seagrasses include dredging, boating, water quality degradation due to run-off, and shading of seagrasses by docks and boats. References and Further Information: Florida Museum of Natural History. 2008. †Seagrasses†. (Online) Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed November 12, 2008.Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2008. Learn About Seagrasses.  (Online). Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish Wildlife Research Institute. Accessed November 12, 2008.Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.   Importance of Seagrass. Accessed November 16, 2015.Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 2008. †Seagrasses† (Online). Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed November 12, 2008.Seagrass.LI, Long Island’s Seagrass Conservation Website. 2008. †What is Seagrass?† (Online). Cornell Cooperative Extension Marine Program. Accessed November 12, 2008.Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. Seagrass Habitats. Accessed November 16, 2015.Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Seagrass and Seagrass Beds. Ocean Portal. Accessed November 1 6, 2015.

Integrated fashion logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Integrated fashion logistics - Essay Example As far as the retail business was concerned the key indicator of sales success was the proportion of 'full price sales' achieved by the company, as opposed to garments being sold at a discount during the 'sales' period. Such discounts on garments offered on end of season sales may go even up to 50% of the prices depending on the style and demand for particular garments. There are several logistical models available to help speeding up the supply chain management and thereby improve the profitability of the company. This paper attempts to discuss some the models such as Quick Response (QR), Fast Fashion and Mass Customisation, which help in improving the efficiency of the supply chain management. The study also analyses the relationship between these models and the relative merits and demerits of the respective models available to the organisation employing these models. "More than ever before speed has become a source of competitive advantage. Competing on speed requires an organisation characterised by fast moves, fast adaptations and tight linkages. .. Forming alliances is one of the most effective avenues for competing speed. The best example is the textile industry's quick response initiative, designed to improve the flow of information, standardise recording systems, and reduce turnaround time along the entire supply chain from fiber to textiles to apparel to retailing." - Roberta S. Russell, Bernard W. Taylor Operation Management: Edition IV (2003). pp 37. Quick Response (known shortly as QR) is best suited to Fashion Retail Industry. This is due to the following factors: Seasonality - This is the main factor which necessitates the speed in the supply chain of fashion retailers. Products are made according to a predetermined standard size and there is no time to revise the outfits once manufactured. Pricing - Especially with the seasonality factor, garments which have note reached in time to the retail store may have to be sold at heavily discounted prices. Excessive lead time due to the fashion collections being prepared by the designers considerably before the time the garment reaches the retail stores put an element of distortion in sales due to faulty or unacceptable designs. "Few industries are as notorious as the apparel industry for having such difficulty predicting demand," observed by Marion Bragger (2004) 2.1 METHOD OF OPERATION OF QUICK RESPONSE: The essential features of the Quick Response method are outlined below: By convincing a potential and dependent supplier of garments, the manufacturing facility may be split into, some capacity doing production in normal way and a certain minimal part of the production capacity can be converted into following the QR approach. The management of the factory should have a meeting with the workers to educate them on the necessity and operation methods of the QR system, so that any initial resistance from the workers side may be controlled. The next step is to form the QR teams with workers selected from the existing workers either by the management or voluntary QR teams can be

Read the requirement carefully Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Read the requirement carefully - Essay Example In this regard, leadership plays a pivotal part for the organisations in order to efficiently structure and establish strong control mechanism in accordance with the competitive nature of the business environment (Simons, 1990). The concept of leadership can be termed as the notion of competence which tends to influence a group of individuals for the accomplishment of organizational vision and enable to obtain stipulated business goals. The adequate competence of innovation and creativity within the leadership approach has been found to play a decisive part for the organisations in order to obtain competitive advantage in the rapidly increasing pace of modern business environment (Schroeder, 2012). ... Additionally, the report would also analyse different leadership styles along with theories and evaluate their potential impact in innovation and creativity in a global perspective. Brief Overview of Innovation and Creativity in an Organisation Innovation The concept of innovation can be considered as one of the major and effective attributes of the modern market leaders which enable them to build an exceptional impression of efficiently managing and controlling their respective organisational operations effectively. It can also be defined as an effective practice which tends to bring adequate competencies for the leaders for appropriately conducting different pioneering activities for attaining desired business objectives. It is worth mentioning that the innovative managing process enables the leaders to efficiently manage different organisational functions along with facilitating them to increase the potential of each individual towards their assigned roles and responsibilities. Th e practice further enables the organisations to accentuate much upon the scope of innovation in product, process along with decisions that eventually leads towards enhancing the productivity and the quality of organisational offerings. In this similar context, continuous innovation towards improving the productivity and quality of product/service can largely facilitate an organisation to gain superior competitive position in this competitive landscape (Amabile, 1996). Creativity Creativity can also be regarded as a major attribute for the organisations which aids in performing effective management practices leading towards increased motivation along with augmented resource and interaction capabilities. The concept of creativity ensures to provide

Personal Management Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Personal Management Skills - Essay Example This is the most suitable way of overcoming the limitations and challenges in my current skills. Through training, I will expand my knowledge in political, economic, social cultural and technological factors which determine the attainment of my goals and objectives. I aspire to gain more experience in leadership through seeking management positions in a reputable organization. Love, (2005, p. 42) explains that experience gives leaders connections and resources which enhance achievement of the target aims and objectives. Through work experience in leadership, I will acquire connection with prominent and influential people. Moreover, work experience will help me attain the financial resources which are required for effective attainment of goals. My personal aspirations are based on the knowledge that a leader requires personal management skills such as communication, interpersonal relations, proper time and resource management. Additionally, I am aware that there are political, economi c, social-cultural and technological factors in the environment which influence the success of leadership. Personal SWOT Analysis My Strengths According to Boone & Peborde (2008), planning, resource management, communication and organizational skills are required by a leader. Additionally, an effective leader should have ability for self development and overcoming challenges. My personal strengths make me suitable for leadership because apart from been excellent in managing people, I am a very responsible person and this enables me to effectively manage both financial and human resources. Riley & Mulford (2007, p. 81) points out that ability of a leader to take responsibility in the management of financial resources demonstrates that he or she would be relied upon in leadership. I am a serious individual when it comes to work and I act professionally in execution of all duties that I am responsible for. My experiences in leadership roles make me confident that my personal management skills are adequate for a leadership role. In University I was a leader of our student association for a period of one year. In this period I applied my personal strengths to effectively lead a group of eight executives My time management skills and adaptability are among my core strengths which proved to be very important in my leadership experience in University. As a president of the students association, I was able to make timely arrangements for meetings and projects. It is through my admirable adaptability that I was able to interact with students from diverse backgrounds and accommodate their different ideas. According to the assertions of Cameron (2002), leaders need to be flexible so that they would adapt to the divergent opinions of their followers. In my leadership experience I was enabled to apply my abilities and strengths to control, align and coordinate many activities associated with student activities. However, I consider my ability to learn fast as the most lucrat ive strength which helped me to be a successful leader of the student’s association. This is because, I started as a novice leader but gained management and leadership skills very fast through quick leaning especially in professional communication and relationship with other officials and members of the association. My personal managem

Developing Professional Practice and Using Information in HR Essay

Developing Professional Practice and Using Information in HR - Essay Example The first indications referring to the importance of human resources (HR) are provided by the utopian R. Owen (1820-1850). The interest for HR management appeared at the confluence of psychology, sociology, legal sciences, operational research and statistics. Nowadays, events succeed rapidly and the information moves with a dazzling speed so the business arena needs individuals capable of change, adaptation, creative and extremely skilled, with strong experience and know how. According to Adler and Bartholomew (1992) vision on the importance of human resources within an organization, the prerequisites for a competitive company are the traditional purposes, transnational representation and cross-border activities. HR development is one of the strategic options of any structure interested in its growth. The company’s ability to adapt to environmental changes and evolve, largely depends on how it selects and trains the employees, taking into account their aspirations and potentia l (Radu et al. 2003). Performance assessment should not only indicate how well the staff works, but also how to influence and improve its results in terms of labour productivity, social climate, stability and efficiency level. McGregor (1972) argued that there are three main reasons for the assessments of the organizations performance: 1. ... 3. They provide a useful basis for guidance and counselling. Performance improvement as a result of continuous development increases motivation (Damian, 2010). Organization’s employees will enhance their efficiency if they understand that based on a higher quality of their activity the chances of being promoted and gain higher salaries will significant grow. Investing in education and permanent training and thus embracing every single new market challenge is vital. The new economic realities and opportunities emphasize the need to adapt and improve skills and qualifications based on research and previous experience. Continuous professional practice, whether in a formal system, at work or informally is the key for a strong career and personal development. Training is important to facilitate workforce transformation, as it supports the adaptation to market requirements, thus enhancing mobility between different sectors. Knowledge and competencies can strengthen the market positi on and lead to increased productivity. Rapid changes in all fields translate in a much more dynamic spectrum of needs for new skills. Investment in training benefits both the individual and the society. In this light, one of the major challenges of the new era is the development of networking which can bring significant benefits to the businesses that seize its true potential. Social networks now have a high growth rate. What a quantum leap from the first century newspapers published in the Venice of the sixteenth century, to the present digital media and online world. From a specialized platform destined to certain restricted areas, Internet has become the most important and widespread communication service on the planet. Networks have a few dominant

Response Paper on August Wilson's Gem of the Ocean Essay

Response Paper on August Wilson's Gem of the Ocean - Essay Example ‘Gem of the ocean’ is a play written by eminent American playwright August Wilson. The plot of the play is set in the year 1904 and the main characters are Aunt Tyler, Citizen Barlow, Solly two kings, Black Mary, Caesar Eli and Selig. Aunt Tyler is the central character of the play and is a former slave who is now a soul cleanser. Prompt I: African American History & Gem of the Ocean: The end of the nineteenth century saw a radical transformation and the blacks got more rights as compared to the previous decades. African Americans experienced huge mental trauma especially during post slavery era and the US laws were less significant in reducing the effect on the African Americans. Even though there had been a number of US legislations, yet Slavery seemed to be an inborn part of the African American. There were no more options available to an African American other than being either forced into Slavery or becoming the servant of whites. The blacks completely resisted Slav ery and treated it to be the most dreadful act that a person could face in his life. Evidence Supporting Point: Citizen Barlow’s dialogue in the book in page number 59 which states that â€Å"making the people owe is worse than slavery and Solly’s dialogues of Ain’t †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.ground† Citizen Barlow states that slavery is better than making the people owe to you but Solly emphasizes that Slavery is the most dreadful crime committed on a human. Evidence Supporting Point: The blacks had separate sleeping places and could not become an eminent part in the society and were treated differently. Black Mary’s dialogue: â€Å"He probably goes down under the Brady Street Bridge to sleep. They got a whole bunch of people sleeping down there.† In page 10 in the book, there is a clear indication of how badly the Africans were treated. Black Mary refers to the African Americans, who are usually assigned separate sleeping p laces and in this play they usually sleep under the Brady Street Bridge. Prompt II: Aunt Ester: One of the most interesting things about the play is the characters. When I read it, the first thing that strikes me is the age of the main character Aunt Ester, who holds 285 years of experience with her. I think that the author did this to talk effectively about the background of the African American when they were slaves of the white people. Aunt Esther used to be a troubled soul but her years of experiences turned her into a wise person. She holds on to the memories of the entire history of the Africans in America, â€Å"People say you crazy to remember. But I ain’t afraid to remember. I try to remember out loud. I keep my memories alive. I feed them. I got to feed them otherwise they’d eat me up. I got memories go way back. I’m carrying them for a lot of folk† (Walseth par. 1). The age of Aunt Esther may be unreal for many readers but I feel that it is ver y effective to make others remember about the slavery days and how the Africans were treated in those days. It also illustrates the fact that they have come from a long line of abuse and hardships which continues till the 1904’s. Aunt Esther represents the old traditions while Black Mary, her successor represents the forward thinking African American. She likes to do things her own way, â€Å"It’s been three years now.   I can’t do nothing to satisfy you.   I may as well lay down somewhere and forget about it†¦

Global threats to human beings caused by human population growth Essay

Global threats to human beings caused by human population growth - Essay Example Human overpopulation has several negative effects on the environment. Environmentalists have established that nearly all environmental problems are as a result of rapid human population growth rate. Environmental trends such as loss of biodiversity, depletion of water resources, alteration of climate and atmosphere are some of the environmental problems that are associated with human population growth. This paper only discusses how overpopulation lowers living conditions, depletes natural resources, and causes environmental degradation. In most developing countries, cultural traditions and lack of access to birth control programs have led to rapid population growth rate (Zuckerman & Jefferson, 1996). The number of people living in these regions has created pressure on land and food securities. This has led to overpopulation where the available resources are insufficient to sustain population growth and developmental growths. This results in ever increasing number of poor people acros s Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, and other developing countries across the world (Zuckerman & Jefferson, 1996). This people suffer from lack of clean water, malnourishment, inadequate shelter, overcrowding, AIDS and other waterborne diseases. Most of these people lack sufficient access to basics of life, and this means that their living standards are significantly lower than those people living in developed countries. Poor living standards resulting from overpopulation in a given region is evident in most African slum dwellings. In these slums, people lack adequate access to clean drinking water and enough food. Domestic water used for cleaning and cooking in the slum dwellings is usually contaminated, and this is the reason why waterborne diseases such as cholera, bilharzia, and typhoid are common in these regions (Zuckerman & Jefferson, 1996). The second cause of human population growth is depletion of natural resources. While rapid growth of human population is slowly dimin ishing or leveling off in most developed nations such as United Kingdom and United States, the rate at which people are utilizing the world’s natural resources is significantly on the rise (Zuckerman & Jefferson, 1996). Over dependence on natural resources usually creates environmental problems such as loss of biodiversity, climate change, depletion of water resources and over fishing. The ever increasing human population requires more land for settlement. This makes human to clear natural forest and displace animals living in it, and this leads to loss of biodiversity. In addition, gases that are released into the atmosphere deplete the ozone layer, which in turn causes climate changes such as global warming. With global warming, the amount of annual rainfall received in an area decreases significantly. This has made human to adopt irrigation as the alternative source of water for the crops. Heavy irrigation, on the other hand, causes excessive loss of natural water resource s such as rivers and lakes (Zuckerman & Jefferson, 1996). Finally, overpopulation posses the biggest threat on the environment more than any other thing. Most of the environmental degradations such as depletion of the ozone layer, pollution, climate and atmosphere changes, and overfishing are common phenomena in industrialized nations (Zuckerman & Jefferson, 1996). Developed countries own capital industries, which consume a lot of natural

Response Paper on August Wilson's Gem of the Ocean Essay

Response Paper on August Wilson's Gem of the Ocean - Essay Example ‘Gem of the ocean’ is a play written by eminent American playwright August Wilson. The plot of the play is set in the year 1904 and the main characters are Aunt Tyler, Citizen Barlow, Solly two kings, Black Mary, Caesar Eli and Selig. Aunt Tyler is the central character of the play and is a former slave who is now a soul cleanser. Prompt I: African American History & Gem of the Ocean: The end of the nineteenth century saw a radical transformation and the blacks got more rights as compared to the previous decades. African Americans experienced huge mental trauma especially during post slavery era and the US laws were less significant in reducing the effect on the African Americans. Even though there had been a number of US legislations, yet Slavery seemed to be an inborn part of the African American. There were no more options available to an African American other than being either forced into Slavery or becoming the servant of whites. The blacks completely resisted Slav ery and treated it to be the most dreadful act that a person could face in his life. Evidence Supporting Point: Citizen Barlow’s dialogue in the book in page number 59 which states that â€Å"making the people owe is worse than slavery and Solly’s dialogues of Ain’t †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.ground† Citizen Barlow states that slavery is better than making the people owe to you but Solly emphasizes that Slavery is the most dreadful crime committed on a human. Evidence Supporting Point: The blacks had separate sleeping places and could not become an eminent part in the society and were treated differently. Black Mary’s dialogue: â€Å"He probably goes down under the Brady Street Bridge to sleep. They got a whole bunch of people sleeping down there.† In page 10 in the book, there is a clear indication of how badly the Africans were treated. Black Mary refers to the African Americans, who are usually assigned separate sleeping p laces and in this play they usually sleep under the Brady Street Bridge. Prompt II: Aunt Ester: One of the most interesting things about the play is the characters. When I read it, the first thing that strikes me is the age of the main character Aunt Ester, who holds 285 years of experience with her. I think that the author did this to talk effectively about the background of the African American when they were slaves of the white people. Aunt Esther used to be a troubled soul but her years of experiences turned her into a wise person. She holds on to the memories of the entire history of the Africans in America, â€Å"People say you crazy to remember. But I ain’t afraid to remember. I try to remember out loud. I keep my memories alive. I feed them. I got to feed them otherwise they’d eat me up. I got memories go way back. I’m carrying them for a lot of folk† (Walseth par. 1). The age of Aunt Esther may be unreal for many readers but I feel that it is ver y effective to make others remember about the slavery days and how the Africans were treated in those days. It also illustrates the fact that they have come from a long line of abuse and hardships which continues till the 1904’s. Aunt Esther represents the old traditions while Black Mary, her successor represents the forward thinking African American. She likes to do things her own way, â€Å"It’s been three years now.   I can’t do nothing to satisfy you.   I may as well lay down somewhere and forget about it†¦

Anatomy and physiology of the human body Essay Example for Free

Anatomy and physiology of the human body Essay Each week, the discussion questions will examine issues in the reading. This thread is meant to foster a better understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the human body and how that knowledge is applied to in real life situations. Discussion responses should be on topic, original, and contribute to the quality of the discussion by making frequent informed references to lesson material. Initial discussion responses should be around 100 words; responses to your classmates or instructor should be around 75 words. Make two or more responses to classmates that are thoughtful and that advance the discussion of each topic. Your initial response is to be made no later than Saturday 11:59 PM of the current unit. Additional responses are to be made no later than Tuesday 11:59 PM of the current unit. Your posts are to be substantive, referenced and free of grammatical and spelling errors. When you are ready, respond to one of the topics below. Please be sure to specify which topic you are responding to. 1. Discuss the different types of blood vessels and how their structure is uniquely suited to their functions. 2. Choose a major region of the body (for example, the thorax) and discuss the arteries and veins of that region. 3. Discuss the positive and possible negative effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. 4. Identify and discuss the primary factors involved in the generation and regulation of blood pressure and explain the relationships among these factors. 5. Explain why a pressure difference must exist between the aorta and the right atrium. 6. Explain hepatic portal circulation. How is it different from normal circulation, and what advantages are gained from this type of circulation? This is a fun topic for a fitness trainer. The cardiovascular system is complex, but it’s even more complex when you start to factor in exercise while explaining it. Aerobic fitness is an important component of physical fitness. When your muscles need oxygen, your aerobic (cardiovascular) system must be able to efficiently deliver it to them. When your body has waste products that need to be expelled (e.g. carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products), your heart-lung complex must be up to the task. These two tasks form the functional basis of aerobic fitness. Positive effects include increasing your level of available energy, aid in relieving depression, reduce the risk of heart disease, increase the good (HDL) cholesterol. Everyone needs to be able to efficiently take oxygen into their lungs and blood and pump it to their working muscles where it is utilized to oxidize carbohydrates and fats to produce energy. If you are concerned about your health, particularly the risk of heart disease, you need to accept the fact that aerobic training can have a critical effect on the quantity and quality of your life. Some negative effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system can include a possible heart attack or stroke. Some people can tend to push themselves to hard or they can start off working out by pushing their heart a little harder than it’s used to. It’s not a very good idea to go out and try to run a marathon if you’ve spent most of your life sedentary. I used to be one of those people until I found out in 2007 that I had Tachycardia (a heart rate that is too fast). I had to adjust my workouts to accommodate the situation to include slowing down my runs and taking longer rest intervals when lifting weights.

The Battle Of Balaclava History Essay

The Battle Of Balaclava History Essay The Allied victory against the Russians at the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October 1854 was a succession of blunders. Besides the most famous of which is Never get involved in a land war in Asia, there were also major failures in intelligence and communications. Inadequate intelligence preparation resulted in inadequate planning and execution. Poor situational awareness by the Allied commanders on the battlefield contributed to disastrous misunderstandings in communication. The extraordinary bravery exhibited by The Thin Red Line of the Highlanders and the selfless charge of the Light Brigade Into the Valley of Death would not make up for these shortcomings. Failure to Prepare The Crimean War was fought between the Allies of France, Britain and Ottoman Turkey against Russia to remove Russian occupation from the Crimean Peninsula. The war lasted from October 1853 to February 1856. The Battle of Balaclava was the second major Crimean campaign. The purpose of the campaign was to occupy the Russian held port of Sebastopol on the western end of the peninsula. The British army was to march southeast, occupy Balaclava, and lay siege to Sebastopol. The occupation of Balaclava was necessary for resupply and protection of the Allied flank (Kennedy, 1976). The British had failed to consider the climate of the Crimean peninsula in their planning. There was a lack of tents and proper winter clothing which led to reduced combat effectiveness. The British did not have maps and conducted the march by compass alone. The British did not have intelligence of the Russian unit locations. During the march to Balaclava, the leading British elements stumbled across the rearguard elements of a Russian unit at Mackenzies farm. A Russian officer was captured and questioned, but no usable intelligence was gained because the officer was inebriated (Kennedy, 1976). The British lack of intelligence meant they did not know the size of the waiting Russian force they were approaching at Balaclava. The only resistance they met at Balaclava was from a small garrison. The day after the British arrived, French units also arrived. The plan had been for the British and French to both occupy Balaclava prior to the siege of Sebastopol. Their intelligence had failed to show that Balaclava was much too small to support such a force. The French Force was moved to Kameisch Bay leaving the British solely responsible for protecting the Allied flank. Intelligence analysis of the terrain north of Balaclava would have revealed this was not a good choice (Kennedy, 1976). The valley north of Balaclava was blocked to the west by the Sapaune Heights. On the east end of the valley were the Woronzlov Heights. The north side of the valley was bounded by the Fedioukine Heights on top of which ran a road into the interior. Down the middle of the valley, from east to west, ran a ridgeline known as the Causeway Heights (see appended Figures 1-3). The Causeway Heights concealed any actions on the north side of the valley from observers in the south side of the valley (Kennedy, 1976). This blockage of the line-of-sight would contribute to the later blunders. The British constructed four redoubt positions manned by Turks under the command of British Artillery Non-Commissioned Officers along the top of the Causeway Heights approximately a half-mile from each other and a fifth redoubt on top of Canroberts Hill. The cavalry units were encamped at the western end of the South Valley. Infantry (93rd Highlanders), more Turks, and a field battery were positioned around Kadikoi. Twelve-hundred Royal Marines defended Mount Hiblak with twenty-six guns. To the northwest, five British infantry divisions and the French Observation Corps were in the Chersonese Heights (Anthill, 2001). This left the British units extended and unable to support one another while attempting to cover all possible avenues of approach. The British still did not have intelligence on the size or distribution of the Russians (Kennedy, 1976). The British did know, as a result of their skirmish at Mackenzies Farm, that there was an element of Russians somewhere to the east. The British did not know the intentions of the Russians resulting in frequent alerts everytime a Russian scouting patrol was seen. These alerts led to decreased morale and a boy-who-cried-wolf mentality among the British troops. On 24 October a Turkish spy reported the Russians were going to attack on 25 October with 25,000 troops. As a result of the numerous false alerts, this warning was ignored. No attempts were made for reinforcement or to strengthen the British position (Kennedy, 1976). The Russian Attack The Russians, on the other hand, had been conducting intelligence operations and were aware of the weaknesses of the British position. The Russian Commander, Prince Menshikov, planned a three axis attack. In the south, Major General Gribbe, would capture the village of Kamara and move toward redoubt number one. Gribbe had a combined force of infantry, cavalry, and artillery. In the center, second axis, Major General Semiakin would command two columns with artillery support to attack towards redoubts one and two after crossing the Tchernaya. In the north, Colonel Skuderi would cross the Tractir Bridge and move towards redoubt three. After these redoubts were taken, General Ryzhov was to attack the positions around Kadikoi with a unit under Major General Zhaboritski to protect their flank (Anthill, 2001). Before dawn on 25 October the Russians started their advance alerting the British troops under command of Lord Lucan. Lucan sent word to the British Commander-in-Chief, Lord Raglan, and moved Brigadier James Scarletts Heavy Brigade with the Earl of Cardigans Light Brigade in reserve to the western end of the Causeway Heights. The battle began at dawn when the Russian infantry attacked and took redoubts one to four with very little resistance from the Turkish defenders (See Figure 1, A). The Russian force then concentrated around redoubts one to three to prepare for a cavalry attack on Kadikoi. Raglan put the 3rd Infantry on alert, ordered the 1st Division into the South Valley, and the 4th Division into the North Valley. Unfortunately, these divisions would not make it to the battlefield before it was all but over. Sensing the threat to the British lines of communication, the French Commander-in-Chief, Canrobert, ordered two infantry brigades and eight cavalry squadrons to the wester n end of the South Valley (Anthill, 2001). The Thin Red Line At about 0830 Liprandi ordered Ryzhov to attack the enemy camp; the first of many vague orders during the battle. Ryzhov moved west along the North Valley. A small force cut off over the Woronzlov Heights towards Kadikoi. The 93rd Highland Foot was positioned behind a ridge in the road to take cover from the artillery turned against them. The commander of the 93rd, Sir Colin Campbell, arranged his men two deep (instead of the doctrinal four deep) standing abreast. On their flanks were Turks who fired one volley before retreating. Sir Colin Campbell rode up and down the line saying: There is no retreat from here men, you must die where you stand. The 93rd fired three volleys into the advancing cavalry. The Russians wheeled and retreated to rejoin Ryzhovs main body (See Figure 1, B). The Crimean War was the first war to see war cor-respondents on the battlefield. London Times correspondent W.H. Russell watched the scene and wrote of seeing the thin red streak tipped with steel. This ph rase would be shortened into the now common phrase The Thin Red Line (93rd Sutherland Highland Regiment of Foot Living History Unit, Inc.). Follow, and up the hill, up the hill, up the hill, Followd the Heavy Brigade. Tennyson, The Charge of the Heavy Brigade The Heavy Brigade was next to be involved against the Russians. The Thin Red Line had succeeded and Ryzhov had halted about one hundred yards uphill from the Heavy Brigade. Brigadier Scarlett, facing the main enemy cavalry force, wheeled his force and although outnumbered, charged uphill toward the Russian cavalry (See Figure 1, C). Even someone completely unfamiliar with military tactics can understand that consideration of the terrain could have placed the Heavy Brigade in a better location instead of positioning them to charge uphill. Despite this terrain dis-advantage, after some heavy fighting, the Russian cavalry broke and retreated back to the Woronzlov Heights (Anthill, 2001). Into the valley of Death rode the six hundred. Tennyson, The Charge of the Light Brigade The greatest blunder of the battle, and one that lives in infamy began at approximately 1015. Raglan ordered to advance and seize any opportunity to retake the Heights, but did not specify which heights. Rather than seek clarification, Lucan took this to mean the Woronzlov Heights and moved the Light Brigade into the North Valley and kept the Heavy Brigade in the South. Raglan saw the Russians were moving to haul away the captured guns from the redoubts. In what resembled a bad example of the childrens game of telephone Raglan gave an order to his Quartermaster, Brigadier Airey, who in turn wrote the order as Lord Raglan wishes the Cavalry to advance rapidly to the front, follow the enemy, and try to prevent the enemy carrying away the guns. Troop Horse Artillery may accompany. French Cavalry is on your left. Immediate (The National Archives, United Kingdom) and gave it to his Aide de Camp, Captain Nolan, who in turn relayed the order to Lieutenant General Lucan. What message Nolan p assed to Lucan is unknown, though Lucan claimed that Nolan vaguely waved his arm across the North Valley and stated that they were to charge the guns. From his lack of situational awareness, Lucan only knew of the guns at the end of the North Valley where Ryzhov had moved. The next stage of the blunder came into play. Lord Cardigan, the commander of the Light Brigade, had recently divorced Lucans youngest; not creating the best command climate. Lucan ordered Cardigan to charge the guns. As Cardigan started the Light Brigade up the 2 kilometers of the North Valley, Nolan was waving his sword in the air, possible to try and redirect the charge toward the redoubts when he was killed (see Figure 3). The Light Brigade took artillery fire from one of the captured batteries on their right flank, three batteries on their left flank, and from the battery they were charging toward. They pushed through the line of guns and forced Ryzhovs cavalry to retreat back. The Russians believed the Briti sh must have been drunk. The French Marshal Bousqet stated It is magnificent, but it is not war: it is madness. Twenty minutes after the start of the charge, the survivors returned. Six-hundred thirty-seven started the charge. The brigade lost three-hundred sixty men and five-hundred seventeen horses (Anthill, 2001). The French Cavalry swept in and cleared the Fedioukine Heights (see Figure 2) to protect the Light Brigades flank during the retreat. The British infantry divisions moved into the valley and continued a halfhearted fight against the Russians for the rest of the afternoon. The Russians held the Woronzlov Heights and pulled away the captured guns. Aftermath and Conclusion Blame for the destruction of the Light Brigade began soon after the battle. Raglan blamed Cardigan who blamed Lucan who blamed Nolan. Since Nolan was killed in the battle, he couldnt defend himself. The matter would be debated for decades. The press coverage exalted the bravery of the Light Brigade instead of the failures of the command. Cardigan went home to Britain as a hero and was made Inspector General of the Cavalry. Lucan was made the scapegoat by the British command, but was still awarded with the Order of the Bath. This attitude of bravery over intelligence led operations would prevail in the British military until World War I. Both sides claimed the battle as a victory. The British succeeded in defending Balaclava. The Russians, although failing to break through the Allied lines of communication, had succeeded in taking strategic positions. The Battle of Balaclava and especially the charge of the Light Brigade remains a classic example of military failures in intelligence and communication. Todays Soldiers can identify with the importance of clarifying vague orders. The modern version of the operations order and fragmentary orders used by the United States Army greatly aid in this clarification. Clearly defining the Commanders intent is possibly the most stressed step for the planning cell when preparing an operations order. If the British military had used modern methods of intelligence preparation of the battlefield, they could have better planned for the defense. They could have defined the avenues of approach, established fields of fire, and been aware of how the terrain affected line of sight. If the commanders on the field had been kept aware of the overall battlefield situation, rather than just what was within view, the Light Brigade may have moved according to Raglans intent. The Battle of Balaclava, especially the charge of the Light Brigade, remains a classic example of military failures in intelligence and communication. File:Battle of Balaclava (map 1).png Figure 1. (Public domain) File:Battle of Balaclava (map 2).png Figure 2. (Public domain) File:Charge Timeline.jpg Figure 3. (Public domain)

Servants in Victorian England Essay -- Victorian Era

Servants in Victorian England Servants were imperative to the functioning of middle and upper class homes in Victorian England. Without the veritable army of servants for the upper and upper-middle classes, women would not be able to live the leisured lives they had grown accustomed, and would certainly not have the time to flaunt their status with neighbor-calling and the numerous balls and social activities. Even most lower-middle and middle-middle classes employed at least one servant, as assistance was almost a necessity in maintaining the home (Roberts 205). For the most part, these servants had an appreciation for their work, with the opportunity to live in an upper class home and have job security, as the alternative was industrial work with unexplained lay-offs and less than desirable, and often unsanitary, living conditions (Margetson 155). The highest classes of families would employ this â€Å"army† of servants, each servant having a specific duty, and providing them all with matching uniforms. For the less wealthy families, a â€Å"maid of all works† was common, where the maid would assist with cleaning, cooking, and raising the children (Roberts 205). In families where many servants were employed, a sort of ranking system occurred, between all of the servants, and even within particular positions. Head butlers, or stewards, were considered higher in ranking than the rest of the servants. The head butler would have managerial responsibilities over the other servants of the home. In the middle, there were valet's, which were the personal assistants to the gentleman, who would clean his clothes, assist him in dressing and in shaving. The lady's maid had similar duties for the woman of the home, mostly assisting in dress... ...g to read the quotes of people telling their experiences of living as a servant versus the people living as a master. Also, here is a link to a picture of the Servant's Hall of a judge's home in Victorian England, to give an idea of the living conditions of servants. Works Cited Kelley, Grace. â€Å"Nineteenth-Century Medicine in the Literal Sense†. 1999. . Margetson, Stella. Victorian High Society. New York: Holmes and Meier Publishers, INC, 1980. Roberts, Adam C. Victorian Culture and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2003. â€Å"Servants' Hall.† The Judges Lodging Museum. . â€Å"The Victorians: The London Townhouse - The Servants.† Romance Ever After. 2001. .